Sodium fluorescein shows high surgeon-reported usability in glioblastoma surgery

Introduction: Glioblastoma has a high mortality rate. Current treatment includes largest possible surgical resection of the tumour using neuronavigation and fluorescence to better identify tumour tissue. In recent years, sodium fluorescein has been reintroduced in neurosurgery as a fluorescence to increase the resection rate. In this study we aimed to measure the surgeons experience of using sodium fluorescein to locate and remove tumour tissue. Furthermore we describe a case of sodium fluorescein tissue distribution. Material and methods: 13 patients with glioblastoma and seven patients with cerebral metastases undergoing surgical resection were included. Surgery was performed using microscope alternating between white light and the YELLOW 560 filter, which visualized sodium fluorescein. Surgeons graded its usability in terms of location and removal on a scale from one to four. The resection rate was determined by neuroradiologists. Tissue samples obtained during surgery were analysed in relation to fluorescence and dysmorphic cells. Results: Surgeons reported high usability in terms of location and removal of tumours using sodium fluorescein with medians of four in all groups, except for sub-total resections which had a median of three. Surgical complications were minimal and both resection rate and survival rate was within international standards. Histological analysis showed a visual correlation between tumorous tissue and intensity of fluorescence. Conclusion: Sodium fluorescence is an effective and useful tool for surgeons during fluorescence-guided surgery for the resection of glioblastoma and cerebral metastases.