Environmental and toxicological implications of chitosan nanostructures

Amidst agriculture, biomedicine, and environmental remediation, chitosan is widely lauded for its quick biodegradability and security, leading to a growing appeal of this sustainable option. Specifically, chitosan's nanostructures, including nanoparticles and nanofibers, have fueled its increasing popularity. That said, chitosan nanostructures' potential environmental harm and toxicity mandate thoughtful consideration to ensure their safe and sustainable presence. This chapter examines the fate and toxicity of chitosan nanostructures in natural settings. Chitosan nanostructures and their effects on aquatic life, human health, and the environment are explored in this chapter. Additionally, we investigate the contributing factors that affect how these structures behave. Examining how these nanostructures impact their surroundings, we consider their movements and ultimate outcomes in diverse environmental contexts. Our research reviews the current understanding of the toxicity and ecological implications of chitosan nanostructures and outlines potential problems and future areas of exploration. By addressing the eco- and toxicological impact of chitosan nanostructures, this chapter aims to provide valuable insights into their potential risks and benefits, facilitating informed decision-making for their safe and sustainable utilization in various fields.