TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations Between Physical Activity and Gastrointestinal Transit Times in People with Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obesity
AU - Jensen, Marie M.
AU - Pedersen, Hanne E.
AU - Clemmensen, Kim K.B.
AU - Ekblond, Trine S.
AU - Ried-Larsen, Mathias
AU - Færch, Kristine
AU - Brock, Christina
AU - Quist, Jonas S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Hanne Pedersen’s salary is currently funded by a grant from Novo Nordisk A/S.
Funding Information:
Mathias Ried-Larsen has received funding from TrygFonden.
Funding Information:
Jonas Salling Quist has received funding for other studies from the Danish Diabetes Association, Novo Nordisk A/S, and the Danish Diabetes Academy, which is funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation.
Funding Information:
Kristine Færch has received funding from the Novo Nordisk Foundation for the present study and from Novo Nordisk A/S, AstraZeneca, and Unilever for other studies. She owns shares in Novo Nordisk A/S, is currently employed by Novo Nordisk A/S, and is a member of the Board of Directors of ChemoMetec A/S.
PY - 2024/1
Y1 - 2024/1
N2 - Background: Rapid gastric emptying is associated with obesity and overeating, whereas delayed gastric emptying is associated with anorexia. Acute effects of exercise on gastric emptying have been investigated extensively, but the influence of habitual physical activity on gastric emptying and transit time in other regions of the gastrointestinal tract is poorly understood. Objective: The objective was to investigate associations between objectively measured habitual physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times in adults with varying degrees of adiposity. Methods: 50 adults (58% women) were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity was measured by an accelerometer placed on the lower back for 7 d. Gastric emptying time, small bowel transit time, colonic transit time, and whole gut transit time were simultaneously evaluated by a wireless motility capsule, which was ingested together with a standardized mixed meal. Linear regression models were applied to assess the associations of total activity counts and time spent at different intensities—sedentary activity (0–100 counts/min), low light activity (101–759 counts/min), high light activity (760–1951 counts/min); moderate and vigorous activity (≥1952 counts/min)) with gastrointestinal transit times. Results: Median [Q1; Q3] age was 56.5 [46.6–65.5] y, and body mass index (BMI) was 32.1 [28.5–35.1] kg/m2. For every additional hour spent performing high light intensity physical activity, colonic transit time was 25.5 % [95% CI: 3.10, 42.7] more rapid (P = 0.028), and whole gut transit time was 16.2 % [95% CI: 1.84, 28.4] more rapid (P = 0.028) when adjusted for sex, age, and body fat. No other associations were observed. Conclusions: More time spent on physical activity at high light intensity was associated with more rapid colonic and whole gut transit time, independent of age, sex, and body fat, whereas other intensities of physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times were not associated. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov IDs (NCT03894670, NCT03854656).
AB - Background: Rapid gastric emptying is associated with obesity and overeating, whereas delayed gastric emptying is associated with anorexia. Acute effects of exercise on gastric emptying have been investigated extensively, but the influence of habitual physical activity on gastric emptying and transit time in other regions of the gastrointestinal tract is poorly understood. Objective: The objective was to investigate associations between objectively measured habitual physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times in adults with varying degrees of adiposity. Methods: 50 adults (58% women) were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity was measured by an accelerometer placed on the lower back for 7 d. Gastric emptying time, small bowel transit time, colonic transit time, and whole gut transit time were simultaneously evaluated by a wireless motility capsule, which was ingested together with a standardized mixed meal. Linear regression models were applied to assess the associations of total activity counts and time spent at different intensities—sedentary activity (0–100 counts/min), low light activity (101–759 counts/min), high light activity (760–1951 counts/min); moderate and vigorous activity (≥1952 counts/min)) with gastrointestinal transit times. Results: Median [Q1; Q3] age was 56.5 [46.6–65.5] y, and body mass index (BMI) was 32.1 [28.5–35.1] kg/m2. For every additional hour spent performing high light intensity physical activity, colonic transit time was 25.5 % [95% CI: 3.10, 42.7] more rapid (P = 0.028), and whole gut transit time was 16.2 % [95% CI: 1.84, 28.4] more rapid (P = 0.028) when adjusted for sex, age, and body fat. No other associations were observed. Conclusions: More time spent on physical activity at high light intensity was associated with more rapid colonic and whole gut transit time, independent of age, sex, and body fat, whereas other intensities of physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times were not associated. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov IDs (NCT03894670, NCT03854656).
KW - colonic transit
KW - gastric emptying
KW - gastrointestinal transit
KW - physical activity
KW - small intestinal transit
U2 - 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.005
DO - 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.005
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 37315794
AN - SCOPUS:85163476402
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 154
SP - 41
EP - 48
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 1
ER -