TY - GEN
T1 - Detection of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: diagnostic tests and prognostic value
AU - K. Sofíudóttir, Bjørk
PY - 2024/4/19
Y1 - 2024/4/19
N2 - This was a PhD on diagnostic tests and prognostic value in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common autoimmune disease. Treatment options for patients with RA and overall survival have improved over the years. However, there is still increased mortality in RA, largely due to respiratory diseases such as RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). RA-ILD has a 40% mortality rate after 5 years, with a median survival of 7.4 years after diagnosis. It is generally recommended to screen RA for respiratory symptoms to detect ILD. However, this is currently not evidence-based nor routinely applied in clinics. Thoracic ultrasound has also been suggested as a promising tool for the early detection of RA-ILD, but had yet to be tested in a clinical setting.Treatment options for chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) such as RA have increased. It is estimated that about one-third of patients with CIDs who start on biologics will not respond to the treatment. Biological therapy is expensive and can have side effects. There are currently no validated methods of predicting treatment response. Microfibrillar- associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is a promising biomarker of inflammation and fibrotic activity; however, its role in detecting lung disease in RA, as well as predicting treatment response, has not beenevaluated.Papers 1 and 2 investigated the diagnostic accuracy of thoracic ultrasound (TUS) in detecting ILD in RA with pre-defined respiratory symptoms. The results revealed that TUS is a promising tool for detecting ILD, with a high sensitivity and negative predictive value.Paper 3 investigated the diagnostic accuracy of an established questionnaire on perceived dyspnoea, using the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale, and MFAP4 in detecting respiratory impairment in newly diagnosed and treatment-naïve RA. Overall, MRC and the crude analysis of MFAP4 showed neither a high sensitivity nor specificity. However, when adjusting for age, sex and smoking status, there was a correlation of MFAP4 ≥ 29.0 U/ml for detecting respiratory impairment.Paper 4 investigated the prognostic value of high MFAP4 levels on positive treatment outcomes in patients with CIDs (RA, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, Axial Spondyloarthritis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis) who were about to initiate or switch biological therapy. The main results showed that when adjusting for CID, age, sex, smoking and BMI, high MFAP4 had the potential to predict a positive treatment outcome with biological therapy in most CIDs.
AB - This was a PhD on diagnostic tests and prognostic value in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common autoimmune disease. Treatment options for patients with RA and overall survival have improved over the years. However, there is still increased mortality in RA, largely due to respiratory diseases such as RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). RA-ILD has a 40% mortality rate after 5 years, with a median survival of 7.4 years after diagnosis. It is generally recommended to screen RA for respiratory symptoms to detect ILD. However, this is currently not evidence-based nor routinely applied in clinics. Thoracic ultrasound has also been suggested as a promising tool for the early detection of RA-ILD, but had yet to be tested in a clinical setting.Treatment options for chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) such as RA have increased. It is estimated that about one-third of patients with CIDs who start on biologics will not respond to the treatment. Biological therapy is expensive and can have side effects. There are currently no validated methods of predicting treatment response. Microfibrillar- associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is a promising biomarker of inflammation and fibrotic activity; however, its role in detecting lung disease in RA, as well as predicting treatment response, has not beenevaluated.Papers 1 and 2 investigated the diagnostic accuracy of thoracic ultrasound (TUS) in detecting ILD in RA with pre-defined respiratory symptoms. The results revealed that TUS is a promising tool for detecting ILD, with a high sensitivity and negative predictive value.Paper 3 investigated the diagnostic accuracy of an established questionnaire on perceived dyspnoea, using the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale, and MFAP4 in detecting respiratory impairment in newly diagnosed and treatment-naïve RA. Overall, MRC and the crude analysis of MFAP4 showed neither a high sensitivity nor specificity. However, when adjusting for age, sex and smoking status, there was a correlation of MFAP4 ≥ 29.0 U/ml for detecting respiratory impairment.Paper 4 investigated the prognostic value of high MFAP4 levels on positive treatment outcomes in patients with CIDs (RA, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, Axial Spondyloarthritis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis) who were about to initiate or switch biological therapy. The main results showed that when adjusting for CID, age, sex, smoking and BMI, high MFAP4 had the potential to predict a positive treatment outcome with biological therapy in most CIDs.
U2 - 10.21996/19xf-8m93
DO - 10.21996/19xf-8m93
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -